Plastics and elastomers are essential materials in industries ranging from automotive manufacturing to medical devices. While both are polymers (long chains of repeating molecules), their properties and applications differ significantly. This guide breaks down their technical distinctions, backed by industry research and data, to help you make informed material choices.
Plastics are synthetic polymers made from monomers like ethylene or propylene. They are categorized into two types:
Elastomers, often called rubbers, are polymers with elastic properties. Their molecular chains are cross-linked, enabling them to stretch over 100% and return to their original shape. Common examples include silicone and EPDM (Osborne Industries).
| Property | Plastics | Elastomers |
|---|---|---|
| Elasticity | Low (≤ 10% stretch) | High (100–700% stretch) |
| Heat Resistance | Varies: PE (80°C), PEEK (250°C) | Moderate: Silicone (230°C), EPDM (150°C) |
| Recyclability | Thermoplastics: Yes; Thermosets: No | Limited (cross-linked structure) |
Elastomers absorb mechanical stress through their coiled molecular structure. For instance, silicone O-rings stretch to seal gaps under pressure but return to shape when the load is removed (PMC Study).
Plastics like polycarbonate maintain shape under static loads but can crack under sudden impact. PVC pipes handle steady water pressure but may fail if bent repeatedly.
Plastics in Industry
Elastomers in Action
Plastics
Elastomers
Plastics provide structural integrity, while elastomers deliver flexibility. Understanding their differences ensures optimal material selection for industrial durability and performance.
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